
======================================

[ Clinton/NP Administration/NP Plutonium/NP Policy/NP ]
and/CC 
[ North Korea/NN ]

======================================

[ U. S./NN policy/NN ]
on/IN 
[ the/DT use/NN ]
of/IN 
[ plutonium/NN ]
has/VBZ remained/VBN essentially/RB 
[ the/DT same/JJ ]
under/IN 
[ the/DT Reagan/NP ]
,/, Bush/NP ,/, and/CC 
[ Clinton/NP administrations/NNS ]
:/: 

[ the/DT DPRK/NP ]
and/CC 
[ South Korea/NN ]
must/MD renounce/VB 
[ all/DT plutonium/NN ]
,/, but/CC 
[ Japan/NP ]
can/MD acquire/VB as/RB much/JJ as/IN 
[ it/PP ]
wants/VBZ from/IN 
[ U. S./NN ]
-/- supplied/UNKNOWN 
[ nuclear/JJ fuel/NN ]
./. 

[ This/DT discriminatory/JJ approach/NN ]
was/VBD reiterated/VBN by/IN 
[ President/NP Clinton/NP ]
,/, whose/WP$ 
[ nonproliferation/NN policy/NN ]
states/VBZ ,/, "/" 
[ The/DT United States/NNS ]
does/VBZ not/RB encourage/VB 
[ the/DT civil/JJ use/NN ]
of/IN 
[ plutonium/NN ]
and/CC ,/, accordingly/RB ,/, does/VBZ not/RB 
[ itself/PP ]
engage/VBP in/IN 
[ plutonium/NN reprocessing/NN ]
for/IN either/UNKNOWN 
[ nuclear/JJ power/NN ]
or/CC 
[ nuclear/JJ explosive/NN purposes/NNS ]
./. 

[ The/DT United States/NNS ]
,/, however/RB ,/, will/MD maintain/VB 
[ its/PP$ existing/VBG commitments/NNS ]
regarding/IN 
[ the/DT use/NN ]
of/IN 
[ plutonium/NN ]
in/IN 
[ civil/JJ nuclear/JJ programs/NNS ]
in/IN 
[ Western/NP Europe/NP ]
and/CC 
[ Japan/NP ]
"/" 1341/CD ./. (/( 

At/IN 
[ the/DT same/JJ time/NN ]
,/, 
[ U. S./NN Energy/NP Secretary/NP Hazel/NP O/NP Leary/JJ ]
has/VBZ launched/VBN 
[ an/DT initiative/NN ]
to/TO explore/VB 
[ alternatives/NNS ]
to/TO reprocessing/VBG and/CC has/VBZ expressed/VBN 
[ her/PP opposition/NN ]
to/TO 
[ reprocessing/NN ]
and/CC 
[ plutonium/NN fuel/NN cycles/NNS ]
./. )/) 

======================================

[ The/DT U. S./NN ]
has/VBZ insisted/VBN that/IN 
[ the/DT DPRK/NP give/NN ]
up/IN 
[ its/PP$ reprocessing/NN plant/NN ]
and/CC 
[ all/DT plutonium/NN ambitions/NNS ]
./. 

[ South Korean/JJ efforts/NNS ]
to/TO acquire/VB 
[ reprocessing/NN plants/NNS ]
,/, 
[ plutonium/NN separation/NN technology/NN ]
,/, and/CC 
[ related/VBN technology/NN ]
have/VB also/RB been/VBN quashed/VBN by/IN 
[ firm/JJ U. S./NN diplomacy/NN ]
./. 

[ U. S./NN plutonium/NN policy/NN ]
toward/IN 
[ Japan/NP ]
is/VBZ governed/VBN by/IN 
[ the/DT 1988/CD revision/NN ]
of/IN 
[ the/DT U. S./NN ]
-/- 
[ Japanese/JJ nuclear/JJ cooperation/NN agreement/NN ]
[ that/WDT ]
gave/VBD 
[ Japan/NP advance/JJ approval/NN ]
to/TO reprocess/VB as/IN much/UNKNOWN U. S.-origin/JJ spent/VBN fuel/NN as/IN 
[ it/PP ]
wants/VBZ over/IN 
[ a/DT 30/CD ]
-/- 
[ year/NN period/NN ]
[/[ 
[ 35/CD ]
]/] ./. 

[ The/DT previous/JJ agreement/NN ]
,/, 
[ which/WDT ]
was/VBD not/RB due to/IN expire/VB until/IN 
[ 2003/CD ]
,/, empowered/VBD 
[ the/DT U. S./NN ]
to/TO decide/VB 
[ each/DT Japanese/JJ request/NN ]
for/IN 
[ reprocessing/NN ]
and/CC plutonium/NN use/UNKNOWN on/IN 
[ a/DT case-by/JJ ]
-/- case/UNKNOWN basis/NN ./. 

======================================

In/IN 
[ November 1991/NN ]
,/, while/IN 
[ the/DT North-South/NP ]
[ Korean/JJ bilateral/JJ denuclearization/NN agreement/NN ]
was/VBD being/UNKNOWN negotiated/VBN ,/, then/RB -/- 
[ U. S./NN Secretary of State/NN James/NPS Baker/NP ]
made/UNKNOWN 
[ clear/NN ]
that/UNKNOWN prohibiting/VBG 
[ fuel/NN cycle/NN facilities/NNS ]
was/VBD not/RB sufficient/JJ ,/, and/CC "/" the/DT only/RB firm/UNKNOWN 
[ assurance/NN ]
against/IN a/DT nuclear/JJ arms/NNS race/NN in/IN 
[ the/DT Korean/JJ peninsula/NN ]
would/MD be/VB 
[ a/DT credible/JJ agreement/NN ]
by/IN both/CC 
[ Seoul/NP ]
and/CC 
[ Pyongyang/NP ]
to/TO abstain/VB from/IN 
[ the/DT production/NN ]
or/CC 
[ acquisition/NN ]
of/IN 
[ any/DT weapons-grade/JJ nuclear/JJ material/NN ]
"/" [/[ 
[ emphasis/NN ]
supplied/UNKNOWN ]/] [/[ 
[ 36/CD ]
]/] ./. 

[ It/PP ]
is/VBZ significant/JJ that/IN 
[ the/DT North/NP South/NP agreement/NN ]
included/VBD 
[ a/DT ban/NN ]
on/IN 
[ production/NN ]
but/CC not/RB on/IN 
[ acquisition/NN ]
of/IN 
[ plutonium/NN ]
-/- -/- thus/IN presumably/RB leaving/UNKNOWN South Korea/NN free/UNKNOWN to/TO seek/VB 
[ reprocessing/NN services/NNS ]
and/CC 
[ delivery/NN ]
of/IN 
[ separated/VBN plutonium/NN ]
from/IN 
[ the/DT U. K./NP ]
or/CC 
[ France/NP ]
,/, as/IN 
[ Japan/NP ]
has/VBZ done/VBN ./. 

======================================

[ The/DT present/JJ U. S./NN ]
[ discriminatory/JJ policy/NN ]
may/MD not/RB prove/VB diplomatically/RB sustainable/JJ ./. 

[ Japan/NP ]
and/CC 
[ South Korea/NN ]
are/VBP 
[ democratic/JJ governments/NNS ]
,/, 
[ they/PP ]
are/VBP 
[ NPT/NP members/NNS ]
with/IN 
[ full-scope/JJ safeguards/NNS ]
,/, and/CC 
[ they/PP ]
have/VBP 
[ defense/NN treaties/NNS ]
with/IN 
[ the/DT U. S./NN ]
and/CC large-scale/JJ nuclear/JJ power/UNKNOWN programs/UNKNOWN ./. 

[ The/DT U. S./NN State/NP Department/NP ]
must/MD explain/VB to/TO 
[ South Korea/NN ]
why/WRB 
[ it/PP ]
trusts/VBZ Tokyo/NP ,/, but/CC not/RB 
[ Seoul/NP ]
,/, with/IN 
[ plutonium/NN ]
./. 

[ U. S./NN policy/NN ]
suggests/VBZ that/IN 
[ NPT/NP membership/NN ]
and/CC 
[ IAEA/NP ]
safeguards/VBZ 
[ compliance/NN ]
are/VBP 
[ the/DT ultimate/JJ solution/NN ]
to/TO 
[ the/DT Northeast/NP Asian/NP proliferation/NN problem/NN ]
./. 

Absent/VBP 
[ the/DT elimination/NN ]
of/IN 
[ civil/JJ plutonium/NN ]
,/, however/RB ,/, 
[ this/DT approach/NN ]
can/MD only/RB serve/VB to/TO codify/VB 
[ the/DT problem/NN ]
with/IN 
[ an/DT NPT/NP ]
/// 
[ IAEA/NP stamp/NN ]
of/IN 
[ approval/NN ]
./. 